The Simpsons - An example Ontology for tutorial purposes#
The Simpsons is a popular comic televisions series. A comprehensive overview (in german) is Simpsonspedia
.
This page shows, how we implement the simpsons ontology in KnowWE.
Also, please check out our visualization docs, which are based on the ontology defined here: Doc SparqlVisualization, Doc ConceptVisualization
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General Domain Model#
We first define some classes framing the example domain.
Classes#
si.SimpsonsConcept
si:SimpsonsConcepta
rdfs.Class
rdfs:Class.
si.LivingBeing
si:LivingBeingrdfs.subClassOf
rdfs:subClassOfsi.SimpsonsConcept
si:SimpsonsConcept;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label,
"Living being"@en.
si.Human
si:Humanrdfs.subClassOf
rdfs:subClassOfsi.LivingBeing
si:LivingBeing ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label,
"Human"@en .
si.Animal
si:Animalrdfs.subClassOf
rdfs:subClassOfsi.LivingBeing
si:LivingBeing ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label,
"Animal"@en .
si.GenderType
si:GenderTyperdfs.subClassOf
rdfs:subClassOfsi.SimpsonsConcept
si:SimpsonsConcept ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label,
"Gender"@en .
si.male
si:malerdf.type
rdf:typesi.GenderType
si:GenderType ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label,
"male"@en .
si.female
si:femalerdf.type
rdf:typesi.GenderType
si:GenderType ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label,
"female"@en .
si.Building
si:Buildingrdfs.subClassOf
rdfs:subClassOfsi.SimpsonsConcept
si:SimpsonsConcept ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label,
"Building"@en .
si.Location
si:Locationrdfs.subClassOf
rdfs:subClassOfsi.SimpsonsConcept
si:SimpsonsConcept ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label,
"Location"@en .
si.Powerplant
si:Powerplantrdfs.subClassOf
rdfs:subClassOfsi.Building
si:Building ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label,
"Power plant"@en .
simpsonsDemo - SimpsonsSome (alternative ways) to express negations.
Properties#
rdfs:range si:Human; rdfs:domain si:Human.
si.livesIn
si:livesInrdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property .
si.relatedWith
si:relatedWithowl.inverseOf
owl:inverseOfsi.relatedWith
si:relatedWith;
rdf.type
rdf:typeowl.ReflexiveProperty
owl:ReflexiveProperty.
si.parent
si:parentrdf.type
rdf:typeowl.AsymmetricProperty
owl:AsymmetricProperty ;
rdfs.subPropertyOf
rdfs:subPropertyOfsi.relatedWith
si:relatedWith .
si.spouse
si:spouserdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property .
si.husband
si:husbandrdfs.subPropertyOf
rdfs:subPropertyOfsi.spouse
si:spouse .
si.wife
si:wiferdfs.subPropertyOf
rdfs:subPropertyOfsi.spouse
si:spouse ;
owl.inverseOf
owl:inverseOfsi.husband
husband.
si.spouse
si:spouseowl.propertyDisjointWith
owl:propertyDisjointWithsi.parent
si:parent .
si.child
si:childrdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property ;
rdfs.subPropertyOf
rdfs:subPropertyOfsi.relatedWith
si:relatedWith ;
owl.inverseOf
owl:inverseOfsi.parent
si:parent .
si.mother
si:motherrdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property ;
rdfs.subPropertyOf
rdfs:subPropertyOfsi.parent
si:parent .
si.father
si:fatherrdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property ;
rdfs.subPropertyOf
rdfs:subPropertyOfsi.parent
si:parent .
si.grandparent
si:grandparentrdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property ;
owl.propertyChainAxiom
owl:propertyChainAxiomsi.parent
si:parentsi.parent
si:parent .
si.grandfather
si:grandfatherrdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property ;
rdfs.subPropertyOf
rdfs:subPropertyOfsi.grandparent
si:grandparent;
owl.propertyChainAxiom
owl:propertyChainAxiomsi.parent
si:parentsi.father
si:father .
si.sibling
si:siblingrdf.type
rdf:typeowl.SymmetricProperty
owl:SymmetricProperty ;
rdf.type
rdf:typeowl.TransitiveProperty
owl:TransitiveProperty ;
owl.inverseOf
owl:inverseOfsi.sibling
si:sibling;
rdfs.subPropertyOf
rdfs:subPropertyOfsi.relatedWith
si:relatedWith .
si.gender
si:genderrdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property ;
rdfs.domain
rdfs:domainsi.LivingBeing
si:LivingBeing;
rdfs.range
rdfs:rangesi.GenderType
si:GenderType.
si.age
si:agerdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property .
si.worksAt
si:worksAtrdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property .
si.owns
si:ownsrdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property ;
rdfs.range
rdfs:rangesi.Ownership
si:Ownership;
owl.minCardinality
owl:minCardinality .
si.Ownership
si:Ownershiprdfs.subClassOf
rdfs:subClassOfsi.SimpsonsConcept
si:SimpsonsConcept.
si.amount
si:amountrdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property .
si.ownType
si:ownTyperdf.type
rdf:typerdf.Property
rdf:Property .
simpsonsDemo - Simpsons
NegativeObjectPropertyAssertion#
Bart never wants to be a female.
Illustrative Instances#
We now insert some characters and things of the Simpsons world.
si.springfield
si:springfieldrdf.type
rdf:typesi.Location
si:Location ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label .
si.homer
si:homerrdfs.label
rdfs:label ;
rdf.type
rdf:typesi.Human
si:Human ;
si.age
si:age ;
si.gender
si:gendersi.male
si:male ;
si.father
si:fathersi.abraham
si:abraham ;
si.worksAt
si:worksAtsi.burns_powerplant
si:burns_powerplant;
si.livesIn
si:livesInsi.springfield
si:springfield .
si.marge
si:margerdfs.label
rdfs:label ;
rdf.type
rdf:typesi.Human
si:Human ;
si.age
si:age ;
si.husband
si:husbandsi.homer
si:homer ;
si.gender
si:gendersi.female
si:female ;
si.livesIn
si:livesInsi.springfield
si:springfield .
si.bart
si:bartrdfs.label
rdfs:label ;
rdf.type
rdf:typesi.Human
si:Human ;
si.age
si:age ;
si.gender
si:gendersi.male
si:male ;
si.sibling
si:siblingsi.lisa
si:lisa,
si.maggie
si:maggie ;
si.mother
si:mothersi.marge
si:marge ;
si.father
si:fathersi.homer
si:homer ;
si.livesIn
si:livesInsi.springfield
si:springfield .
si.lisa
si:lisardfs.label
rdfs:label ;
rdf.type
rdf:typesi.Human
si:Human ;
si.age
si:age ;
si.gender
si:gendersi.female
si:female ;
si.mother
si:mothersi.marge
si:marge ;
si.father
si:fathersi.homer
si:homer ;
si.livesIn
si:livesInsi.springfield
si:springfield .
si.maggie
si:maggierdfs.label
rdfs:label ;
rdf.type
rdf:typesi.Human
si:Human ;
si.age
si:age ;
si.sibling
si:siblingsi.lisa
si:lisa ;
si.gender
si:gendersi.female
si:female ;
si.mother
si:mothersi.marge
si:marge ;
si.father
si:fathersi.homer
si:homer ;
si.livesIn
si:livesInsi.springfield
si:springfield .
si.abraham
si:abrahamrdfs.label
rdfs:label ;
rdf.type
rdf:typesi.Human
si:Human ;
si.mother
si:mothersi.yuma
si:yuma ;
si.livesIn
si:livesInsi.retirement_home
si:retirement_home;
si.gender
si:gendersi.male
si:male .
si.retirement_home
si:retirement_homerdf.type
rdf:typesi.Location
si:Location;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label.
si.yuma
si:yumardfs.label
rdfs:label ;
rdf.type
rdf:typesi.Human
si:Human ;
si.gender
si:gendersi.female
si:female .
si.burns_dog
si:burns_dogrdf.type
rdf:typesi.Animal
si:Animal ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label .
si.burns_powerplant
si:burns_powerplantrdf.type
rdf:typesi.Powerplant
si:Powerplant ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label .
simpsonsDemo - SimpsonsWe can also introduce blank nodes to represent the belongings of Mr. Burns.
si.burns
si:burnsrdf.type
rdf:typesi.Human
si:Human ;
rdfs.label
rdfs:label ;
si.livesIn
si:livesInsi.springfield
si:springfield;
si.gender
si:gendersi.male
si:male ;
si.owns
si:ownssi.amount
si:amount ;
si.ownType
si:ownTypesi.burns_dog
si:burns_dog,
si.burns_powerplant
si:burns_powerplant.
simpsonsDemo - Simpsons
Sample Queries#
Ok, we can test/query the ontology by inserting some SPARQL statements.
Simple start#
Show me all instances of Human and also show their labels.
Barts Grand-Pa#
Use property paths in SPARQL.
SELECT ?name
WHERE {
/ ?name .
}
si.bart
si:bartsi.father
si:fathersi.father
si:father| name |
|---|
| si:abraham |
simpsonsDemo - Simpsons
Now using a defined PropertyChain
SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?name .
}
si.bart
si:bartsi.grandparent
si:grandparent| name |
|---|
| si:abraham |
simpsonsDemo - Simpsons
Optional belongings#
We also can add optional patterns into the query. Show all humans and their (optional) belongings.
SELECT ?name ?belonging
WHERE {
?x ;
?name .
OPTIONAL { ?x // ?belonging } .
}
rdf.type
rdf:typesi.Human
si:Humanrdfs.label
rdfs:labelsi.owns
si:ownssi.ownType
si:ownTyperdfs.label
rdfs:label| name | belonging |
|---|---|
| Homer Simpson | |
| Abraham Simpson | |
| Lisa Simpson | |
| Maggie Simpson | |
| Yuma Hickman | |
| Charles Montgomery Burns | Mr. Burns' dog |
| Marge Simpson | |
| Bart Simpson |
simpsonsDemo - Simpsons
UNION: All names of humans and animals#
SELECT ?name
WHERE {
{ ?x ;
?name .
} UNION {
?x ;
?name .
}
}
rdf.type
rdf:typesi.Human
si:Humanrdfs.label
rdfs:labelrdf.type
rdf:typesi.Animal
si:Animalrdfs.label
rdfs:label| name |
|---|
| Homer Simpson |
| Abraham Simpson |
| Lisa Simpson |
| Maggie Simpson |
| Yuma Hickman |
| Charles Montgomery Burns |
| Marge Simpson |
| Bart Simpson |
| Mr. Burns' dog |
simpsonsDemo - Simpsons
Expected Compentency Questions: Intersecting Properties#
The family father: A father that is also a husband
SELECT ?name ?husband
WHERE {
?husband ?kid ;
?name .
?wife ?husband .
}
si.father
si:fatherrdfs.label
rdfs:labelsi.husband
si:husband| name | husband |
|---|---|
| Homer Simpson | si:homer |
simpsonsDemo - Simpsons
Hierarchical Table#
SELECT (SAMPLE(?sub) as ?sub) (SAMPLE(?par) as ?par) (SAMPLE(?name) as ?name) ?concept
WHERE {
{
# bind as root node
BIND ( as ?sub) .
}
UNION
{
# collect all parent child relations (will be conntected automagically to )
?sub ?par ;
}
# display name and concept as table columns
?sub ?name .
BIND (?sub as ?concept) .
} GROUP BY ?concept
si.abraham
si:abrahamsi.abraham
si:abrahamsi.abraham
si:abrahamsi.parent
si:parentrdfs.label
rdfs:label| name | concept |
|---|---|
| Abraham Simpson | si:abraham |
simpsonsDemo - Simpsons
Administrative Definitions of the Simpsons Ontology#
This wiki article belongs to the simpsons package.
We define the ontology using all articles of the simpsons package.
Let's use the namespace si for the resources.
