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Page References

Incoming links Outgoing links
Doc Rules
Doc Rules

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Difference between version and

At line 1 changed 5 lines
%%Todo
Improve this page... more examples, more complete (eval(...) an such)
@user Tim Baier-Loewenstein
%
!!!Rules
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At this page, one can find the documentation concerning rules.
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!!1. Definition
!!!Definition
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!!2. Syntax - Basics
Rules are defined by the ''Rule'' tag in KnowWE. The basic syntax is as follows (rc = rule condition):
{{{%%Rule
IF (rc)
!!!Syntax
In this section we describe the way rules are defined in d3web KnowWE.
!! Basics
Rules are defined by the ''Rule'' tag in KnowWE. The basic syntax is as follows:
{{{
%%Rule
IF (rule condition)
At line 20 changed 7 lines
%}}}
Since the Leeloo release it is possible to define more than one action to be executed for a rule. Different rule actions are separated by a semicolon in the THEN clause.
{{{%%Rule
IF (rc)
THEN (action1; action2; action3)
%}}}
Furthermore it is possible to add an exception condition to the rule, like in the following example:
%
}}}
!Conditions
A condition can look like ''"temperature > 38"'' or ''"weather = rain'"'. Such simple conditions can be combined to more complex ones, using the following syntax:
* __NOT__(rule condition) --- true, if rule condition does not apply
* (rule condition 1) __AND__ (rule condition 2) --- true, only if both condition 1 and condition 2 apply at the same time
* (rule condition 1) __OR__ (rule condition 2) --- true, if at least one of condition 1 and condition 2 does apply
For more information about conditions and other condition types, see [Doc Conditions].\\
!Actions
In a rule action we can set other questions or variables. Examples could be ''"Show warning = Yes"'' or ''"umbrella = Yes"''\\
It is also possible to set more complex values and values depending on other variables. For more information, go to [Extended Expressions: Conditions and actions | Doc Expressions], but be aware, that this extension is non-LGPL-licensed for commercial use.
!!Multiple Actions
It is possible to define more than one action to be executed for a rule. Just add more THEN clauses.
At line 28 changed one line
IF (rc)
IF (rule condition)
THEN (rule action 1)
THEN (rule action 2)
THEN (rule action 3)
}}}
!!EXCEPT Conditions
Furthermore, it is possible to add an exception condition to the rule, like in the following example:
{{{
IF (rule condition 1)
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EXCEPT (rc2)
EXCEPT (rule condition 2)
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The following operators can be used to build more complex expressions from simple rule conditions:
* __NOT__( rc ) --- true, if rc does not apply
* (rc) __AND__ (rc2) --- true, only if both rc and rc2 apply at the same time
* (rc1) __OR__ (rc2) --- true, if at least one of rc and rc2 does apply
\\
Of course it is also possible to define the ''EXCEPT(...)'' statement as ''AND NOT'' within the ''IF'' clause. The difference is, that ''EXCEPT(...)'' doesn't need to be evaluated, i.e. the rule will also fire even if the ''EXCEPT'' clause is unknown.
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!!ELSE Actions
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!!3. Different rule types
Using such rules, we often not only want something to happen if the condition is true (e.g. ''temperature <= 0''), but also when the condition is false. We can of course always do this, by writing a second rule, using the negated condition of the first rule (e.g. ''temperature > 0''). With d3web/KnowWE, we provide the possibility, to just use the keyword ELSE, similar to how it is known and done in software engineering.
{{{
IF temperature < 0
THEN icy roads = Yes
ELSE icy roads = No
}}}
!!UNKNOWN Actions
In d3web/KnowWE, every question can, besides their normal values, also have the value ''Unknown''. This means, that the value of the question is currently actually unknown or unknowable (which is different from not answering the question).\\
If a rule uses a question which currently has the value ''Unknown'' will result in the rule not being evaluated and therefor the action will not fire.
__Example:__ Lets assume, the temperature is currently unknown, because the sensor is broken. In this case, we really do not know whether the roads are icy or not. So to expand on the example above, we can do the following:
{{{
IF temperature < 0
THEN icy roads = Yes
ELSE icy roads = No
UNKNOWN icy roads = No
}}}This way, if the ''temperature'' is ''Unknown'', we also set the variable/question ''icy roads'' to ''Unknown'', without having the write rules for each of the actions.
Be aware that, if you just use THEN and ELSE __without__ an action for UNKNOWN, the action of ELSE will also fire if ''temperature'' is ''Unknown''.
!!ELSE and UNKNOWN in combination with EXCEPT
It is also possible to use an EXCEPT condition together with ELSE and UNKNOWN. If the EXCEPT condition is true, the ELSE action will fire. The UNKNOWN action only fires if the original IF condition is ''Unknown''. For clarification, check out the following truth tables:
\\
__Rule with THEN and ELSE action only__:
|| IF Condition || EXCEPT Condition || THEN Action || ELSE Action
| %%(color:green)true%% | %%(color:green)true%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%%
| %%(color:red)false%% | %%(color:green)true%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%%
| %%(color:grey)unknown%% | %%(color:green)true%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%%
| %%(color:green)true%% | %%(color:red)false%% | %%(color:green)fire%% |  
| %%(color:red)false%% | %%(color:red)false%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%%
| %%(color:grey)unknown%% | %%(color:red)false%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%%
| %%(color:green)true%% | %%(color:grey)unknown%% | %%(color:green)fire%% |  
| %%(color:red)false%% | %%(color:grey)unknown%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%%
| %%(color:grey)unknown%% | %%(color:grey)unknown%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%%
__Rule with THEN and ELSE and UNKNOWN action__:
|| IF Condition || EXCEPT Condition || THEN Action || ELSE Action || UNKNOWN Action
| %%(color:green)true%% | %%(color:green)true%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%% |  
| %%(color:red)false%% | %%(color:green)true%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%% |  
| %%(color:grey)unknown%% | %%(color:green)true%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%% |  
| %%(color:green)true%% | %%(color:red)false%% | %%(color:green)fire%% |   |  
| %%(color:red)false%% | %%(color:red)false%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%% |  
| %%(color:grey)unknown%% | %%(color:red)false%% |   |   | %%(color:green)fire%%
| %%(color:green)true%% | %%(color:grey)unknown%% | %%(color:green)fire%% |   |  
| %%(color:red)false%% | %%(color:grey)unknown%% |   | %%(color:green)fire%% |  
| %%(color:grey)unknown%% | %%(color:grey)unknown%% |   |   | %%(color:green)fire%%
!!Using ''eval()''
''eval(...)'' expressions can also be used as rule condition if more than one question or complex formulas shall be used. To see all available expressions and functions, see [Doc Expressions] and [Doc Functions|Doc Expressions#Function Reference]
{{{
IF eval(question A = question B)
THEN (rule action)
}}}
{{{
IF eval(question A = 2 * x + b)
THEN (rule action)
}}}
or if a complex action shall be conducted
{{{
IF questionA < 2
THEN questionB = eval(max(question C, question D))
}}}
''eval(...)'' must not be used in combination with ''KNOWN/UNKOWN''
{{{
IF question A = UNKNOWN
THEN question B = 2
}}}
!!!Different rule types
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!A. Scoring Rules
!!Scoring Rules
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!B. Abstraction Rules
!!Abstraction Rules
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!C. Indication Rules
!!Indication Rules
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This page (revision-59) was last changed on 13-Jun-2014 18:25 by Albrecht Striffler Top